本报记者调查显示，棉花收储政策，正在引发整个链条的扭曲，高价收储这种模式已经穷途末路。对棉农的保护和补贴方式、对种植棉花的保护都亟须重新思考。
Newspaper reporter survey showed that cotton collection and storage policy, is causing the distortion of the entire chain, high price closes store this model has come to an end. The protection of farmers protection and subsidies, for cotton needs to rethink.
高达4500元/吨的价差
Up to 4500 yuan / ton spread
国储棉的收储政策源自2010年。由于之前的棉花市场不景气，2010年国际棉花价格暴涨，高达32000元/吨，这导致当时有不多库存的国储棉大赚。早前1万元/吨收储的棉花，涨幅高达2倍。
The State Reserve purchasing and storage policy from 2010. Due to the prior to the cotton market downturn, 2010 international cotton prices skyrocketing, up to 32000 yuan / ton, this leads to had earned a high inventory of the State Reserve. The earlier 10 thousand yuan / ton of cotton purchasing and storage, or up to 2 times.
“问题在于，国储棉以为这种涨价将成为常态，以为收得越多就赚得越多，因此敞开收购，但没想到2011年之后棉花价格大幅下降。”一位资深棉花市场人士告诉本报记者，实际上，像2010年棉花价格超过1美元/磅的情形历史上只发生了两次，不能以此为常态。
"The problem is that the state reserve that the prices will become the norm, think of a more earn more, so open to acquisitions, but did not expect a sharp drop in cotton prices after 2011." A senior cotton market who told reporters, in fact, as in 2010 the price of cotton more than 1 U.S. dollars / pounds in the case history only occurred two times, can not be used as the norm.
高出国际市场的价格收购国内棉花，另外一个理由是保护棉农利益，稳定国内棉花种植面积和棉花生产，保障国内的棉花供给。
Higher than the international market price of the acquisition of domestic cotton. Another reason is the protection of the interests of farmers, stable domestic cotton acreage and cotton production, security of domestic cotton supply.
据前述资深人士称，在2011年有关棉花工作会议上，国储棉有关官员即讲道，“中国是纺织服装业大国，有一定的棉花自给率，才放心发展纺织服装业，棉花自给需要一定的量，不然会受到海外的牵制。”
According to the aforementioned senior personage says, in 2011 the cotton work conference, the State Reserve officials that says. "China is a big country of textile and clothing industry, some cotton self-sufficiency rate, assured the development of textile and garment industry, cotton self-sufficiency needs a certain amount of, or will be subject to overseas constraint."
但目前的情形是，国内的棉花高价格，正在人民币升值、劳动力成本提高等原因之外，大幅提高中国纺织服装行业的原材料成本，整体压低了中国纺织服装业的国际竞争力。
But the current situation is that the domestic cotton prices, is the appreciation of the renminbi, labor costs and other factors, a substantial increase in the cost of raw materials for China's textile and garment industry, the overall low international competitiveness of China's textile and garment industry.
即便是按照目前的收购价格，据本报记者去年11月中旬在产棉大省山东对棉农的调查，棉农利润也没有比较优势，棉农种棉积极性并不够。对棉花进口的配额管制反而滋生腐败，导致棉花进口配额被买卖，并加剧棉花走私。
Even if it is in accordance with the current purchase price, according to newspaper reporter in mid November last year for cotton farmers surveys in cotton producing province of Shandong, farmers profit also does not have a comparative advantage, the cotton cotton enthusiasm is not enough. Quota control on the import of cotton, but the breeding of corruption, resulting in the sale of cotton import quotas, and increase the smuggling of cotton.
由于国储棉和进口棉存在巨大的价格差，进口棉额度自然成为有些人牟利的工具，一吨进口棉的资格，卖到三四千元。
Because of the presence of the State Reserve and imported cotton huge price difference, the amount of imported cotton naturally become some profit-making tools, the qualification of a ton of imported cotton, sold to 4000 yuan.
李文（化名）是浙江的一家民营棉纺企业负责人，有自己的纱厂和织布厂，公司产品80%依靠出口。他向本报记者抱怨，纺纱现在就是不赚钱的买卖，自从实施国储棉收购政策后，已经基本不赚钱。
Wen Ho Lee (a pseudonym) is a privately run Zhejiang textile enterprises responsible person, his own textile mill and weaving factory, 80% of the products rely on exports. He complained to the reporter, spinning now is not to make money trading, since the implementation of the policy of the State Reserve acquisition has basically does not make money.
“我们一吨棉花，比国外同行要贵4000多，我们进口的棉纱，价格甚至比我用的棉花价格还低，我们怎么竞争？”李文说，“目前只有在苦苦地维持当中，相当的辛苦。公司到现在能够维持，保持一定的出口，主要是我们的工人技术熟练，比较勤快。”
"We have a ton of cotton, compared with foreign counterparts to more than 4000, we imported cotton yarn, the price is even lower than the price of cotton, how can we compete?" Li Wen said, "at present only in the hard to maintain them, quite hard. The company can now maintain, maintain a certain export, mainly our skilled workers, more diligent."
李文表示，假设他公司需要100吨进口棉，他就向市发改委申请100吨进口棉资格，但是申请的第一年一般不会批给他，一般在第二年会批给他，不过一般只有一半的量，也就是仅仅50吨，但是等省里审批完后，拿到手的，往往可能只有30吨，至于其他20吨，往往是给有关系的人了。
Levin said, suppose they need 100 tons of imported cotton, he to the municipal development and Reform Commission (NDRC) for 100 tons of imported cotton qualification, but for first year generally not granted to him, general in the second year will awarded to him, but in general only half the amount of is only 50 tons, but, after examination and approval, to get our hands on may often be only 30 tons. As for the other 20 tons, often to the relationship.
纺织服装业困局
Textile and garment industry dilemma
棉纺企业困难目前前所未有。
At present, the cotton spinning enterprises hitherto unknown difficulties.
据本报记者了解，棉花成本占据棉纱厂成本约达到70%，由于国内棉花价格要比进口棉花价格大约高4500元，棉纺织行业正在艰难维持，但这个维持是建立在“我们的工人勤快”的基础上。
According to our newspaper reporter, cotton cost occupy cotton yarn factory cost is about 70%, due to the domestic cotton prices than import price of cotton is about 4500 yuan, the cotton textile industry is difficult to maintain, but this maintenance is based on "our workers diligent" based on.
更甚的是，高成本压力之下，中国纺织服装企业正在被迫放弃一些订单，国际市场份额持续减少。更多棉纺工业企业生产链则在向越南、孟加拉、印度等国家转移。
What is more, under the high cost pressures, China's textile and garment enterprises are being forced to give up some orders, the international market share continues to decline. The production of cotton industry chain more in the transfer to Vietnam, Bangladesh, India and other countries.
高价格所危及到的，实际上是棉纺织行业的整个产业链。一家做布料印染的公司负责人对本报记者表示，他现在接到的单子越来越少，公司目前只能练习“龟息大法”，尽量减少营业，争取活下去，他甚至希望有朝一日，人民币大贬值，公司能获得第二春。
High price to endanger, in fact, the whole industry chain of cotton textile industry. A cloth dyeing and printing company responsible for expresses to the reporter, he now received fewer list, company currently only practice "turtle interest Dafa", try to reduce the business, to fight to live, he even hope that one day, RMB devaluation, the company can get the second spring.
尽管李文自己的公司也能生产棉纱，由于国家当前没有禁止进口棉纱，李文选择进口部分棉纱，以降低成本，他表示：“我不能所有棉纱都进口，因为不能让纱厂的工人放假，现在只能继续维持生存，少量生产一部分棉纱。”
Although Wen Ho Lee's own companies are also able to produce cotton yarn, because the country is not currently banned imports of cotton, Levin choice part of the imported cotton, to reduce the cost, he said: "I can't all cotton imports, because you can not let cotton mill workers holiday and now can continue to survive. A small amount of production part of the cotton yarn."
杭州一家棉纺织外贸公司的负责人则对本报记者表示，2012年是最难过的日子，今年出口多了三成，但是跟去年收入一样，而且今年人民币大幅升值，让公司生意雪上加霜。不过他认为已经找到发财的途径，就是尽管国家限制棉花进口，却没有限制棉纱进口，他打算进口棉纱获取利润。
Hangzhou, a cotton textile foreign trade company responsible person is the reporter said 2012 is the most sad day this year, exports more than three percent, but with revenue last year as, and this year the sharp appreciation of the renminbi, company business is made worse. But he believes that has found a way to make a fortune, is that despite the national restrictions on imports of cotton, but there is no limit to cotton imports, he intends to import cotton yarn to obtain profit.
尽管山东如意棉纺织集团总经理王强并不奢望取消国储棉政策，但他对本报记者表示，希望进口棉花额度再大一点，国储棉价格再低一点。
Although Wang Qiang, general manager of Shandong Ruyi cotton textile group does not expect the State Reserve policy is cancelled, but he told reporters said you want a cotton import quota again a bit bigger, the state reserve price and low point.
王强称，新进入纺织行业的国家，印度和巴基斯坦生产棉纱的机器设备大都是最新的设备，比国内的棉纱厂设备还要好，行业的
Wang Qiang said that the new into the textile industry, India and Pakistan production of cotton yarn machine equipment is mostly the latest equipment, than the domestic cotton yarn factory equipment, but also good, the industry
